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The Black Hundreds[a] were reactionary, monarchist and ultra-nationalist groups in Russia in the early 20th century. They were staunch supporters of the House of Romanov, and opposed any retreat from the autocracy of the reigning monarch.[1] Their name arose from the medieval concept of "black", or common (non-noble) people, organized into militias.[2]
The Black Hundreds were noted for extremism and incitement to pogroms, nationalistic Russocentric doctrines, as well as various xenophobic beliefs, including anti-Ukrainian sentiment[3] and anti-semitism.[4]
The ideology of the movement is based on a slogan formulated by Count Sergey Uvarov: "Orthodoxy, Autocracy, and Nationality".[5]
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- ^ Norman Cohn. Warrant for Genocide. pp. 61, 73, 89, 120–2, 134, 139, 251.
- ^ "Black Hundred". languagehat.com. Retrieved 2024-03-06.
- ^ Peter J. Potichnyj (1992). Ukraine and Russia in Their Historical Encounter. University of Alberta, Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies Press. pp. 576, 582, 665.
- ^ David Vital (1999). A People Apart: The Jews in Europe, 1789–1939. Oxford University Press. pp. 140, 141.
- ^ Black Hundreds at the Encyclopædia Britannica